Which of the following is not one of Porter's Five Forces?

• A. Government policy
• B. Threat of new entrants
• C. Industry rivalry
• D. Bargaining power of suppliers

Answer: (A)

Porter's Five Forces analyze competitive pressure within an industry by focusing on five specific forces that shape profitability: threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, industry rivalry among existing firms, bargaining power of suppliers, and bargaining power of buyers. Government policy belongs to the broader political and legal environment, not to these five forces themselves. It can influence how easy or difficult it is to enter an industry or operate within it, but it isn’t one of the forces Porter identifies for assessing competitive intensity. Among the options, threat of new entrants, industry rivalry, and bargaining power of suppliers are all valid forces in the model, while government policy is not.