Identify Porter's Five Forces.

• A. Threat of substitutes, bargaining power of customers, supply chain risk, market growth rate.
• B. Threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, threat of substitutes, and industry rivalry.
• C. Market viability, consumer preferences, supplier power, government regulation.
• D. Competitive rivalry, economies of scale, product differentiation, branding power.

Answer: (B)

Porter's Five Forces framework examines external pressures that determine an industry's profitability. The five forces are the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers, the threat of substitutes, and the intensity of rivalry among existing competitors. This combination captures how easy or hard it is for new firms to enter, how much leverage suppliers and buyers hold, whether there are close substitute products, and how fierce competition is within the industry. The other options mix in factors that are not part of the standard five forces: one includes supply chain risk and market growth rate instead of the named forces; another adds market viability, consumer preferences, and government regulation; and yet another focuses on factors like economies of scale, product differentiation, and branding power rather than the five forces themselves. Therefore, the set that matches Porter’s model is the one listing these five forces.